The Study Of The History Of Weapons In Central Asia

Abstract

This article examines the historiography and material evidence related to the history of weapons used in the Central Asian khanates during the medieval and late medieval periods. The study focuses on ranged and melee weapons as integral components of military organization rooted in Turkic-Mongol traditions, emphasizing mobility, tactical flexibility, and psychological impact on the enemy. Based on archaeological findings, written sources, miniature paintings, and museum collections, the article analyzes the development, typology, and functional characteristics of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears, swords, maces, shields, firearms, and artillery. Particular attention is given to the composite bow as the primary armament of cavalry forces and to the gradual introduction of firearms into the military system of Central Asia. The paper critically evaluates earlier scholarly interpretations, highlighting methodological shortcomings related to uncritical generalization and insufficient comparative analysis. By reassessing written sources, visual materials, and archaeological data, the study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the military culture of Central Asian khanates and enriches the historiography of medieval warfare in the region.