Nanomaterial-Enhanced Biosensors for Food Safety, Biomedical Diagnostics, And Environmental Monitoring: Integrative Advances, Mechanistic Insights, And Future Directions
Keywords:
Nanobiosensors, Food safety, Quantum dots, Electrochemical sensingAbstract
Nanomaterial-enhanced biosensors have emerged as transformative tools across food safety, biomedical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring due to their exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response capabilities. This article synthesizes recent advancements in nanobiosensor design, focusing on the integration of nanomaterials such as quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, nanocellulose, and metal nanoparticles. Drawing exclusively from contemporary literature, the study examines the underlying mechanisms governing sensor performance, including electron transfer dynamics, surface functionalization, and molecular recognition processes. Particular emphasis is placed on biosensors for detecting food adulterants, heavy metals, glucose, cancer biomarkers, and pharmaceutical residues. Additionally, green synthesis approaches and biodegradable materials are evaluated for their role in promoting sustainable sensor development. The article critically explores the convergence of nanotechnology with electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric sensing modalities, highlighting innovations such as CRISPR-Cas-based diagnostics and dual-mode sensing systems. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in scalability, reproducibility, and real-world deployment. This study identifies key research gaps and proposes future directions, including the integration of artificial intelligence, wearable sensing platforms, and eco-friendly fabrication methods. By offering a comprehensive theoretical and applied analysis, this work contributes to the evolving discourse on next-generation biosensing technologies.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sasha Morone
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